Renault Zoe (sometimes stylized as ZOE and pronounced as "Zoé") is a five-door supermini electric car produced by the French manufacturer Renault. Earlier Zoes have a 22 kWh lithium-ion battery pack that delivers a range between 210 km (130 mi) and 240 km (150 mi) under the NEDC cycle. In September 2016, Renault announced the introduction of an optional 41 kWh lithium-ion battery, increasing the range to 400 km (250 mi) under the NEDC cycle.
Renault had previously unveiled, under the Zoe name, a number of different concept cars. Initially in 2005 as the Zoe City Car and later as the Zoe Z.E. electric concept was shown in two different versions in 2009 and 2010 under the Renault Z.E. name. A production ready version of the Zoe was shown at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.
Retail customer deliveries began in France in December 2012, followed in 2013 by several European countries. Since 2013 the Zoe has been the all-time top selling all-electric car in the French market, with 27,155 units registered by June 2016. Zoe sales had passed 50,000 worldwide by that month. The Zoe has been the top selling all-electric car in Europe for two years running, 2015 and 2016, and also topped European sales in the broader plug-in electric car segment in 2016. The Zoe has ranked among the world's top 10 best-selling plug-in electric cars for two years in a row, 2015 and 2016. Since inception, global sales totaled more than 133,000 units through December 2018.
The Renault Zoe City Car concept (or Z17) was shown at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show featuring 3 seats, the 3.45 m long open top vehicle was proposed as an urban focused car. This Zoe had no connection with the later electric Zoe concept to follow four years later.
The Renault Zoe Concept was shown to the public in 2009 at the Frankfurt Motor Show to show the company's vision for a Clio sized electric car. It was powered by a 71 kW; 96 PS (95 bhp) electric motor (mounted at the front) and lithium-ion batteries (under the seats). It was estimated it would have a range of 160 kilometres (99 mi) and a top speed of 140 km/h (90 mph), and could be charged at a conventional 230 V socket, or fast-charged from a high-voltage supply to 80 percent in only 20 minutes. A third innovative option was to swap the batteries for a new pack at a Renault Quickdrop centre.
The design was tear-drop shaped featuring a see-through roof features solar panels which run the air-conditioning system and gull-wing doors. A new climate control system was also shown, developed with L'Oréal, which could spray essential oils into the interior to cut out harmful exterior smells, or rehydrate the interior to prevent skin drying out.
The Zoe Preview, a substantially revised version of the Zoe concept, was shown to the public at the 2010 Paris Motor Show, and was claimed to be a near-definitive representation (90% showroom ready) of the final version of the car. Many of the existing design features of the 2009 concept model were discarded such as the gull-wing doors.
The technical specifications had changed from the 2009 version with the power of the electric motor reduced to 59 kW; 80 PS (79 bhp), a reduced top speed of 135 km/h (84 mph), but still with a 160 kilometres (99 mi) range. It was suggested that the Zoe ZE would be priced from €15,000.
The Zoe E-sport is a hot hatch electric car concept unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show. It has an all-wheel drive design with two electric motors, each one powering an axle. The combined power from both is 456 bhp (340 kW; 462 PS) and the torque 640 N⋅m (470 lb⋅ft). The lithium-ion battery package weighs 450 kg and is on the rear. The car, weighing 1,450 kg, has a carbon fibre chassis, racing brakes and equipment, and a double wishbone suspension on both axles.
The production version of the Zoe was announced in March 2012 at the Geneva Motor Show. Similar to the 2010 version and the design credited to Jean Semeris, it is a five-door supermini at 4080 mm long, a little longer than the Renault Clio. Retail customer deliveries began in limited number in France in December 2012, and Renault planned to increase availability during the first quarter of 2013. The first Zoe was delivered to Arnaud Montebourg, French Minister of Industrial Recovery. The Zoe is produced at Flins on the same assembly line as the Renault Clio and Nissan Micra. About 170 Zoes are made per day.
In France the Zoe pricing starts at €20,700 (US$27,250) before applying the existing €6,300 (US$8,300) tax incentive, plus a monthly fee for the battery. The cost of leasing the battery for 36 months starts from €79/month (US$104/month) for an annual distance travelled of 12,500 km (7,800 mi) and includes comprehensive breakdown assistance.
The Zoes produced until June 2015 are powered by a 22 kWh lithium-ion battery pack weighing 275 kg, driving a 65 kW (87 bhp; 88 PS) synchronous electric motor supplied by Continental (the Q210). Maximum torque is 220 N·m (162 lb-ft) with a top speed of 135 km/h (84 mph). The NEDC cycle range is 210 km (130 mi). Renault estimates that in suburban use, the Zoe can achieve around 100 km (62 mi) in cold weather and 150 km (93 mi) in temperate conditions. The car features a charging system called "Caméléon" (Chameleon) charger that allows the Zoe to be charged at any level of power, taking between 30 minutes and nine hours. The particular type of grid system in parts of Norway with a different potential for the protective ground requires a special charger, which is included with all Zoes in Norway for summer 2015.
In June 2015, Renault announced the introduction of a new, smaller electric motor called the R240, manufactured at its Cléon engine plant. The new motor has the same power and torque as the Q210 unit with an extended NEDC cycle range of 240 km (150 mi). However, the Q210 would still be available as the R240 did not allow quick charging.
In October 2016 at the Paris Motor Show, Renault unveiled a 41 kWh lithium-ion battery called the ZE40, weighing 300 kg. The battery was developed by Renault and its partner LG Chem, and is assembled at the Renault's Flins plant. It is mounted on Zoes using the R75/90 motor (formerly R240, the name now doing reference to the motor power output range between 75 PS (55 kW) and 90 PS (66 kW)) and increases the car range to 400 km (250 mi) under NEDC and allows quick charging. The Q210 would still be available, renamed as Q90. According to Renault, the battery delivers about 300 km (190 mi) on real driving conditions. Older Zoes using the battery would get a less significant range increase because of various design upgrades. Options to buy the battery would be available, and also revised lease plans.
In Z.E.40, available energy went up from about 22 kWh to 41 kWh, while the dimensions of the battery remained unchanged, with the weight increasing by only 15 kg (33 lbs) – from 290 kg to 305 kg (5%). Physically, Renault still uses 192 3.5 volts lithium cells (LG Chem) in 12 modules (16 cells per module) configuration:
In June 2019 Renault announced a new Zoe with a 52 kWh battery, increasing the range to 242 miles under WLTP conditions. It will come with a 100kW R135 electric motor and faster charging with the option of 50kW DC capability. As of August 2019, a release date has not yet been set.
In France, pricing of the Zoe with the 41 kWh battery starts at €23,600 (~ US$26,460) before any applicable government incentives (€6,300 or US$8,300), and without the purchase of the battery. The rental fee for the battery is €69 (~ US$77) per month for up to 7,500 km (4,700 mi) per year and €119 (~ US$133) per month for unlimited mileage. In Norway, pricing starts at 229,400 kroner (~ US$28,760), and the pricing of the variant with the original 22 kWh battery starts at 40,000 kroner (~ US$5,000) less than the 41 kWh variant. The small battery can be upgraded to the newer one, at a cost of around 3500 Euros for rented batteries.
In the UK, it has been possible to buy the Zoe with the battery, or lease the battery. Leasing the battery gives a free replacement if capacity falls under 80%.
The 2017 facelift added a Q90 fast charge option (full-speed 43kW rapid charging). A full charge at 22kW speed will take two hours and 40 minutes, with 80% of the range recovered in an hour and 40 minutes. The Q90, by comparison, takes 65 minutes to reach 80% capacity.
In February 2018, Renault introduced an updated version of the R90 motor, the R110, which upped power output to 80 kW (110 PS) while maintaining the same estimated economy and similar torque (225 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft)). The R90 would still be available for sale. The price for cars equipped with the new motor would be slightly higher that those using the R90 version. The R110 will be the first Renault motor homologated under WLTP and sales would start by the end of the 2018 summer in Europe.
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