The ZiS-151 (Russian: ЗиС-151) was a general-purpose truck produced by the Soviet car manufacturer Automotive Factory No. 2 Zavod imeni Stalina in 1947–1958. In 1956, the factory was renamed to Zavod imeni Likhacheva, and new trucks were called ZiL-151 (ЗиЛ-151).
The ZiS-151 was the first major Soviet military all-wheel-drive truck built following World War II, replacing the imported U.S. Studebaker US6 and the earlier Soviet ZiS-6. In early 1948, the cabs were made of wood, soon replaced with a steel cab. Tens of thousands were produced, including specialized versions for hauling different types of cargo. The Soviets also found the trucks an ideal platform for BM-13 Katyusha rocket launchers.
The most famous developments of ZiS-151 were the BTR-152 armored personnel carrier and the BAV 485 amphibious vehicle.
In 1958, an improved model, the ZIL-157, was introduced. It differed outwardly by its grille and having single rear tires, instead of the ZiL-151's dual tires. Both models remained in production side by side until 1966.
In 1956, the Chinese began license building the ZiS-151 as the Jiefang CA10 at First Automobile Works, with slightly more power and angular front fenders. The improved single tire CA30, introduced in 1958, remained in production until 1986.
The ZiS-151 engine, a 6.5 L (397 cu in) L-head inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developing 92 hp (69 kW) at 2600 rpm.
The transmission was a 5 speed with a direct 4th gear and overdrive 5th. The transfer case had high and low ranges, and selectively engaged the front axle. Both front and rear axles were a split type.
The chassis was 6x6, with three live beam axles, adapted and strengthened for conditions in the USSR. It had a reinforced ladder frame with three live beam axles, the front on semi elliptical leaf springs, the rear tandem on quarter elliptical leaf springs with locating arms.
Wheelbase was 4,225 mm (166 in) to the center of the rear bogey and 4,785 mm (188 in) to the center of the rear axle.
ZiS-151’s tires have a larger cross section, 8.25 in × 20 in (21 cm × 51 cm) versus the US6’s 7.50 in × 20 in (19 cm × 51 cm). Both had dual rear tires. The wider tires spread the load over a wider area. This allows the truck to be operated on softer surfaces.
The ZiL-157 has much wider 12.00 in × 18 in (30 cm × 46 cm) single rear tires. To further increase the footprint, a centralized inflation system allows the tire pressure to be reduced from the cab for soft surfaces, then re-inflated for road use.
The drive shafts were laid out like the US6, but as a mirror image, the front axle differential was offset to the left, while American trucks were offset to the right. Air brakes were used, on the ZiL-157 the air system also supplied the centralized inflation system.
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